What is p-value in statistics?

Problem Statement

What is p-value in statistics?

Step-by-Step Explanation

A p-value measures how unusual the observed data would be if the null hypothesis were true.

1. Identify what the question is asking. In Statistics, this usually means naming the known quantities, the unknown quantity, and the concept that connects them.
2. Write the relevant definition, rule, or relationship before substituting numbers or manipulating symbols.
3. Work one step at a time and keep units, signs, and restrictions visible.
4. Check whether the answer makes sense in the original context.

Final Answer

A p-value measures how unusual the observed data would be if the null hypothesis were true. The reliable strategy is to start from the definition, apply the correct rule carefully, and then interpret the result in plain language.